浅议工程机械液压系统的使用与维护

分析了常用工程机械液压系统维护不当而对其造成的危害，探讨了如何正确使用与维护液压系统，以保证工程机械液压系统正常良好的技术状况，有效延长机械使用寿命。     

挖掘地域文脉层，塑造广场新景观——西湖文化广场环境景观方案设计

广场作为城市的公共交往空间,在古今中外各时期均有不同特点.当前我国的广场景观设计与建设应注意挖掘地域的文化特色,应综合考虑视觉信息传达与空间弹性使用两个层面的问题,只有这样才能塑造广场新景观,弘扬我国的广场文化.     

武汉市地下商业城介绍

武汉地下商业城,位于汉口新火车站站前广场下,总建筑面积5.7万平方米,整个工程为钢筋混凝土无梁楼盖,柱网为6×6米、6.6×6.6米、6×7.2米,争高4米,埋深6.5米,复土1—1.5米,设有台阶式人员出入口20个,坡道式汽车出入口2个。工程内部设有1条汽车通道,7条纵横交叉人行街道,平面分13个区,各区设有防火、防烟、通风空调、给排水、供电、照明和消防系统,平面布局合理,内部设备齐全,防火设施可靠,装饰清淡高雅,是目前站前广场下建设规模最大的平战结合人防工程,也是市政工程建设与地下空间开发相结合的新型多功能地下建筑。     

无机调理剂对污泥建材化的影响研究

研究了氯化铁、硫酸铝、氯化铝等无机低分子调理剂和GD-112有机高分子调理剂对剩余污泥脱水性能的影响.结果表明,合理应用无机低分子调理剂可以达到与有机高分子调理剂相近的调理效果且不会增加调理成本.对于污泥的建材化利用来说,无机低分子调理剂在满足脱水工艺要求的基础上,可以调节污泥成分,并适当降低污泥的有机物含量,使之更符合污泥建材化的要求.     

酒店建筑能耗及空调系统能耗合理性评价

以实例分析了国内有代表性的大型酒店建筑近三年的建筑能耗、空调系统能耗和营业额现状，提出了可反映使用水平和营业水平的建筑能耗占用率Ijn作为建筑能耗的评价指标和空调系统能耗占用率Ijkn作为空调系统能耗的评价指标；通过统计分析给出了Ijn和Ijkn对应的节能型、合理型和浪费型三个评价标准的取值范围。通过对八家酒店使用该两项评价指标进行评价的结果，认为新指标的评价结论更准确、符合实际，可为酒店节能潜力分析和建筑能耗管理提供参考依据。     

中国沿海地区城乡发展态势与土地利用优化研究

对沿海地区2010年、2020年两个时段的经济增长、建设用地需求进行预测与分析，提出了基准增长和高增长两种情景的城乡建设用地规模。其中高增长情景下的建设用地规模：2010年为1056．9×10^4hm^2，2020年为1153．4×10^4hm^2。1996～2004年，东部沿海地区建设用地年均增量为17．45×10^4hm^2，为了确保建设用地的最大规模不突破，需要通过盘活存量土地、加大农村宅基地整理力度，使建设用地挖潜比率2010年达到3．7％、2020年达到9．3％。最后，从保障沿海地区土地资源安全的高度，提出统筹城乡协调发展和城乡土地优化利用的具体策略。     

分区中社区配套设施用地规划的探索——以无锡市分区规划为例

社区是城市的基本单元,完善社区配套是城市规划的重要内容之一。本文以无锡市分区规划为例,在分区规划阶段确定社区规模、社区配套设施及用地控制指标,为社区建设和管理提供决策依据。     

Expansion of the US wildland–urban interface

For at least two decades, expansion of low-density residential development at the wildland–urban interface has been widely recognized as a primary factor influencing the management of US national forests. We estimate the location, extent, and trends in expansion of the wildland–urban interface (WUI) in the continental United States. We mapped the WUI by determining the intersection of housing density classes computed from refined US Census data with a map of wildfire hazards based on broad forest types using definitions of WUI from the Federal Register. Our methods allowed us to provide a more spatially precise estimation of the WUI that better reflects development patterns of interest to forest land managers. We defined three wildfire hazard classes based on vegetation type. “High” severity applies to vegetation types in which stand-replacing fires dominate both historical and recent fire regimes, e.g., lodgepole pine forest. “Low” severity applies where fuels and climate foster mostly low-intensity fires, e.g., aspen-birch forest. “High (historically low or variable)” applies to vegetation types in which fires historically were of low or variable intensity, but recently have often burned at high intensity because of a century of fire exclusion, e.g., southwestern ponderosa pine forest. In 2000, the WUI that includes a 3.2 km community protection zone occupied 465,614 km², and contained over 12.5 million housing units. This is an expansion of over 52% from 1970, and by 2030 the WUI is likely to expand to at least 513,670 km² with the greatest expansion occurring in the intermountain west states. Roughly 89% of the WUI is privately owned land and about 65% of the WUI occurs in high or high (historically low or variable) severity fire regime classes.     

Examining spatially varying relationships between land use and water quality using geographically weighted regression I: model design and evaluation

Traditional regression techniques such as ordinary least squares (OLS) can hide important local variations in the model parameters, and are not able to deal with spatial autocorrelations existing in the variables. A recently developed technique, geographically weighted regression (GWR), is used to examine the relationships between land use and water quality in eastern Massachusetts, USA. GWR models make great improvements of model performance over OLS models, which is proved by F-test and comparisons of model R² and corrected Akaike Information Criterion (AIC_c) from both GWR and OLS. GWR models also improve the reliabilities of the relationships by reducing spatial autocorrelations. The application of GWR models finds that the relationships between land use and water quality are not constant over space but show great spatial non-stationarity. GWR models are able to reveal the information previously ignored by OLS models on the local causes of water pollution, and so improve the model ability to explain local situation of water quality. The results of this study suggest that GWR technique has the potential to serve as a useful tool for environmental research and management at watershed, regional, national and even global scales.     

Quantification of fecal coliform inputs to aquatic systems through soil leaching

In order to assess the fecal contamination of rivers in the Seine watershed through soil leaching, 78 small streams located in rural areas were sampled upstream from any wastewater outfall. Culturable fecal coliforms (FC) and beta-D-glucuronidase activity (specific of Escherichia coli) were measured in the samples. Data showed a significant correlation between both estimates of fecal contamination. In the two different areas of the Seine river watershed investigated, most of the small streams were significantly contaminated by fecal bacteria. In general, the streams flowing through areas partly or fully covered with pastures were more contaminated than those flowing through forest and cultivated areas. Rainfall increased the suspended solid content of small streams as well as their fecal contamination, as an important fraction of FC was adsorbed on particles. Calculations showed that, at a large watershed scale, the input of FC in rivers through soil leaching was very low when compared to the input through the discharge of treated domestic wastewater but this could not be true at local scale.